- Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence on Parenteral Administration of Schizonepeta Tenuifolia Sole Extract
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Chaeheon Lee, Jihwan Choi, Ji Eun Choo, Ga Ram Yang, Hyung-Cheal Mun, Won Gun An, Cheol-Hyun Kim, Jaehyo Kim, Sangkwan Lee, Hongmin Chu
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Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(2):76-86. Published online June 23, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.06.002
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 Abstract
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- While steroids effectively control inflammation, their long-term use causes severe side effects, necessitating safer alternatives. Schizonepeta tenuifolia (S. tenuifolia) from the Lamiaceae family demonstrates potential as a natural therapeutic option through its anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. This systematic review analyzed in vivo and in vitro studies of S. tenuifolia extract, focusing on non-oral administration routes to evaluate its therapeutic potential (n = 13). The extract effectively inhibited nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, reduced inflammatory cytokine production, and showed antiviral effects. Additional benefits include wound healing and antiplatelet activity which enables targeted inflammation control without systemic immune suppression. The extract showed promise in conditions requiring targeted pathway modulation, such as inflammatory conditions needing selective cytokine inhibition, viral infections where interferon modulation is beneficial, and disorders with dysregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. These effects were achieved without the systemic immunosuppression typical of steroid treatments. While S. tenuifolia extract could serve as a safer alternative through non-oral administration routes, further research is needed to optimize extraction methods, identify key marker compounds, and determine optimal administration routes including topical administration and injectable formulations.
- An Observational Study on the Anatomical Characteristics of Acupoint CV23 (Lianquan) with Ultrasonography
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Hongmin Chu, Seongjun Park, Jaehyo Kim, Wonbae Ha, Seung Bum Yang, Kyungho Kang, Jongho Kim, Jungtae Leem, Sanghun Lee
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Perspect Integr Med. 2023;2(1):49-55. Published online February 21, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2023.02.007
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 Graphical Abstract
Abstract
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 - Background
Acupoint CV23 is one of the most commonly used acupoints for the treatment of post-stroke dysphagia and tongue pain. However, care must be taken during the procedure to consider the position of glands and blood vessels in the subcutaneous space of the acupoint. Needling depths to the geniohyoid muscle reportedly range from 0.4 to 3.3 cm. Using ultrasound imaging, we aimed to observe the anatomical characteristics around acupoint CV23 to derive a safe needling depth.
Methods
Ultrasound images of acupoint CV23 accessed from the Standard Ultrasound Image of Acupoint database were retrospectively analyzed for 30 participants aged in their 20s and 30s (15 male, 15 female), and the depth from the skin to the geniohyoid muscle was measured. Correlations between the needling depth and anthropometric factors (such as neck circumference) were analyzed.
Results
The average needling depth to the geniohyoid muscle was 1.59 ± 0.49 cm (male; 1.43 ± 0.52 cm, female, 1.75 ± 0.42 cm, p = 0.03). The geniohyoid muscle, anterior digastric muscles, and genioglossus muscle were observed in the subcutaneous area of acupoint CV23, and a risk of sublingual gland damage needs to be considered for oblique insertion of the acupuncture needle. No statistically significant correlations between the needling depth and anthropometric factors were observed.
Conclusion
Acupoint CV23 has a relatively shallow needling depth, and considering the presence of blood vessels and glands in the sublingual space, visualizing the surrounding anatomical structures using ultrasound was helpful to ensure safe needling practice.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Efficacy of ultrasound-guided pharmacopuncture: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jinho Lee, Sook-Hyun Lee, Yoon Jae Lee, Ju Yeon Kim, In Heo, Jae-Heung Cho, Byung-Kwan Seo, Dong Kun Ko, In-Hyuk Ha
Medicine.2025; 104(11): e41733. CrossRef - Survey on the current usage of ultrasound-guided procedures in Korean Medicine Clinics and Hospitals
Ju Yeon Kim, Jung Min Yun, Sook-Hyun Lee, Yoon Jae Lee, Dong Kun Ko, In Heo, Woo-Chul Shin, Jae-Heung Cho, Byung-Kwan Seo, In-Hyuk Ha
Medicine.2024; 103(14): e37659. CrossRef
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