Perspectives on Integrative Medicine

Volume 4(1); February 2025

Editorial

Empowering Acupuncture Students Through an Education in Research: Using Case Reports to Enhance Learning and Clinical Practice: Sandro Graca, Samantha J. Allen, Harriet Lansdown, Rosa N. Schnyer, Kathleen Lumiere; Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(1):1-5. Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.02.001; Correction in: https://doi.org/

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Abstract PDF: The current landscape of acupuncture education is marked by significant challenges including the closure of prominent schools and a decline in student enrollment. Addressing these issues requires innovative approaches that improve educational content and student engagement. Given the recognized interest in research amongst students, integration of research skills into acupuncture education is vital in the development of students into practitioners who are equipped with critical thinking. These skills enable meaningful engagement with scientific literature and facilitate the delivery of evidence-based care. Production of a case report goes beyond taking simple case histories and provides a practical bridge between theory and clinical practice by teaching students research skills (systematic data collection, detailed analysis, and critical evaluation of treatment outcomes). The work involved in case reports enhances diagnostic skills, clinical reasoning, and communication with peers and other healthcare professionals. When used in conjunction with pragmatic data sets, case reports may be used in secondary analyses that reflect real-world clinical settings in a more practical way than clinical trials providing insights into broader clinical patterns and outcomes. The integration of research-focused learning prepares students for evidence-based practice, promotes interdisciplinary communication, and supports professionalism in acupuncture through contributions to the clinical evidence base.

Review Article

The Safety and Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture for Labor Pain Relief: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Hyein Jeong, Jiwon Heo, Hyunsuk Park, Kyeong Han Kim; Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(1):6-15. Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.02.002

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
Labor pain is among the most intense forms of pain, significantly impacting physical and psychological well-being. Although epidural anesthesia is effective, it has side effects and limited accessibility. Electroacupuncture (EA) offers a low-risk alternative. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the safety and effectiveness of EA in relieving labor pain and duration.
Methods
Randomized controlled trials comparing EA with standard treatments, including epidural anesthesia, were identified through database searches up to August 2024. The primary outcome was pain reduction (assessed using the visual analog scale), and the secondary outcomes were labor duration (1^st and 2^nd stages), Apgar scores, and adverse effects.
Results
In the analysis there were 10 randomized controlled trials (involving 1,498 women in labor) included in this review. EA statistically significantly improved both the level of pain and reduced labor duration compared with those women who received standard treatments (p < 0.001). Apgar scores were assessed in 3 studies and determined that the physical condition of the delivered babies was not statistically significantly different between EA and standard treatment for labor pain. Study protocol indicated the recording of adverse effects in one of the ten studies. Adverse events in that study recorded mild localized discomfort (1.89%, n = 1).
Conclusion
EA reduced labor pain and duration, and demonstrated its potential as an alternative to the conventional approaches for managing labor pain. The limited data suggest EA is likely safe, but further research is needed to confirm its safety profile.

Original Articles

Optimized Protocols for the Isolation and Culture of Primary Neurons from Rat Cortex, Hippocampus, Spinal Cord, and Dorsal Root Ganglia: Ganchimeg Davaa, Do In Kim, Jennifer O. Buitrago, Jin Young Hong; Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(1):16-27. Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.02.003

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
The isolation and culture of primary neurons from specific regions of the rat nervous system are fundamental techniques for investigating neuronal function, development, and pathology. These tools allow the exploration of distinct neural populations and their roles in health and disease.
Methods
Protocols were optimized for dissection, isolation, and culture of primary neurons from the rat cortex, hippocampus, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia. Each methodology was customized to address the unique properties of the respective tissue types, focusing on key steps to enhance neuronal yield and viability whilst minimizing contamination with non-neuronal cells. The protocols incorporate refined enzymatic dissociation techniques, mechanical trituration methods, and specialized culture conditions to support neuronal survival and maturation. Additionally, essential considerations for neuronal culture such as growth medium composition, cell density used for plating, and substrate preparation were addressed.
Results
These region-specific methodologies yielded robust and reproducible outcomes, enabling the generation of reliable in vitro models of neurons from both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The optimized procedures effectively increased neuronal viability and purity, making them suitable for a wide range of neuroscience applications.
Conclusion
This comprehensive set of protocols represents a valuable resource for researchers working in neuroscience on rats. Practical approaches to isolate and culture neurons from diverse regions of the nervous system in the rat have been described. The methodologies outlined provide a strong foundation for studying neuronal populations and their significance in various physiological and pathological contexts.

Assessing the Impact of Art Therapy on Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: a Mixed-Methods Practice-Based Approach: Wangjung Hur, Jungtae Leem, Hanbit Jin, Miso S. Park, Sangsoo Park, Horyong Yoo; Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(1):28-38. Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.02.004

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common degenerative brain condition worldwide. Art therapy has gained attention as a nonpharmacological, complementary, and integrative therapy, yet few studies have explored its effect on people with PD.
Methods
From May to August 2021, 9 participants diagnosed with idiopathic PD completed an art therapy program, consisting of 8 weekly sessions (60 minutes each). A mixed-method research approach combining quantitative and qualitative analyses was used to evaluate participant outcome and experience. Quantitative analysis was assessed using tests for quality of life, motor symptoms, and nonmotor symptoms. Qualitative analysis was conducted through participant responses and researcher observations.
Results
After 8 sessions of drawing-based art therapy, the total non-motor symptoms scale score, which provides a comprehensive assessment including the domains of cognition and behavior along with nonmotor symptoms in participants, significantly improved from 79.3 ± 30.9 at baseline to 59.8 ± 26.1 points after 8 weeks (p = 0.01). The unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale-I score also demonstrated significant improvement (p = 0.03). There were no reported adverse events and no participant dropout. Qualitative analysis revealed enhanced self-esteem, self-acceptance, and positive emotional expression amongst participants.
Conclusion
The art therapy conducted on the people with PD in this study improved their nonmotor symptoms and activity of daily living. Furthermore, qualitative analysis revealed the positive effect of art therapy which included improved self-esteem and self-acceptance. In the future, art therapy could be actively considered as a nonpharmacological, complementary, and integrative therapy for treating PD.

Effects of Needling Acupoint SI3 on Pressure Pain Threshold in Healthy Participants: Xiaoqin Wu, Chi Eung Danforn Lim, Shuai Zheng, Christopher Zaslawski; Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(1):39-50. Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.02.005

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Abstract PDF: Background
There has been a surge in prescribing opioids for pain-related conditions and it has resulted in a prescription "opioid epidemic." It is critical for researchers and clinicians to explore nonpharmacological approaches to manage pain and mitigate the reliance on opioid analgesics. Acupuncture could be an effective therapy to modulate pain. This study examined the effects on regional pressure pain threshold (PPT) following needling of the Small Intestine 3 (SI3 -Houxi) acupoint in healthy participants.
Methods
In a randomized, three-arm cross-over design study, 32 healthy participants enrolled between November 2018 and March 2019, received 3 different acupuncture interventions, in different sequences, to the right hand at SI3: (1) SI3 without manual manipulation (SI3m-); (2) SI3 with manual needle manipulation (SI3m+); and (3) sham laser, to assess changes in PPT following the interventions. The mean change in PPT was measured at 10 different regional acupoint sites using an algometer. All PPT scores were reported as a percentage change from the mean preintervention value, the mean of the 3 PPT measurements obtained prior to receiving the intervention.
Results
The SI3m+ and SI3m- interventions for the 31 participants (drop out n=1), showed that the postintervention mean % PPT scores were significantly elevated compared to the control (sham laser; p < 0.001). The SI3m+ intervention significantly increased % PPT compared with the SI3m- intervention (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The needling intervention was an important contributor raising regional PPT in healthy participants.

Short Communications

Developing of an Integrative Medicine Inpatient Care Program for Breast Cancer Patients Post-Chemotherapy: Eun-Bin Ko, Jun-Bock Jang, Deok-Sang Hwang; Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(1):51-56. Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.02.006

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer (BC) has improved survival rates but often causes adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, and peripheral neuropathy, which can greatly impact patient quality of life. Integrative medicine (IM) provides adjunctive therapies to alleviate these toxicities and support immune function, yet existing clinical practice guidelines and pathways offer broad recommendations that may not sufficiently address the specific needs of post-chemotherapy BC patients. To address this gap, we developed an IM Inpatient Care Program framework for BC patients within one week of chemotherapy administration, drawing on the Korean Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline (KMCPG) for BC supportive care, an established clinical pathway, and additional guidelines focused on chemotherapy-related toxicities. The proposed inpatient model prioritizes systematic monitoring, early detection, and management of common chemotherapy-induced side effects such as neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy, gastrointestinal issues, and psychological distress. Key components include vital sign surveillance, targeted diagnostic tests (e.g., hematology, imaging), dietary and lifestyle recommendations, tailored herbal medicine prescriptions, acupuncture, moxibustion, and referral protocols for serious complications. The IM Inpatient Care Program aims to standardize treatment processes, enhance patient and clinician satisfaction, and reduce potential emergency department visits. By aligning evidence-based guidelines with real-world clinical insights, this model provides a structured approach to optimize BC patient care post-chemotherapy. Future efforts should involve implementing and evaluating the program in diverse clinical settings to refine its utility, measure outcomes, and potentially lower healthcare costs while improving quality of life for BC patients.

Benefits of Qigong: a 3-Months Online Course: Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa, Maria Imaculada Lima Montebello, Érika Johnson; Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(1):57-61. Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.02.007

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
Qigong is an ancient Chinese health practice integrating slow, mindful movements, regulated breathing, and meditative awareness to promote the circulation of vital energy, and enhance overall well-being.
Methods
A prospective, longitudinal, exploratory study was carried out to investigate the effects of Qigong on the overall quality of life following a three-month online Qigong course (n = 21). Data were collected using The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version questionnaire, and supplemented with self-reported measures of pain, anxiety, and sleep quality.
Results
A 10.86% improvement in the overall quality of life (from 68.44 to 75.87; p < 0.001) was observed. Physical (p = 0.003), psychological (p = 0.004), social (p = 0.046), and environmental (p = 0.001) domains also demonstrated meaningful gains, with notable increases in energy levels, daily functioning, self-esteem, and sleep quality. Over half of the participants reported marked reductions in pain severity, and anxiety, and 54.7% experienced improvements in sleep quality (ranging from 70% to 100% of baseline values). Course adherence was high, with most participants expressing satisfaction, willingness to recommend the program, and interest in continuing Qigong practice.
Conclusion
Qigong may boost physical and mental health, reduce stress and anxiety, and improve sleep quality. To corroborate these findings, large-scale, multicenter, randomized, controlled trials are necessary.

Protocol

Study Protocol for a Systematic Review of the Methods and Reliability of Sham Electroacupuncture in Randomized Controlled Trials: Sung Min Lim; Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(1):62-64. Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.02.008

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Abstract PDF: Background
Electroacupuncture (traditional acupuncture combined with electrical stimulation) is used to treat various medical conditions. However, the lack of standardized sham electroacupuncture options (placebo controls) poses a challenge in ensuring the validity of the results gained from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This study presents a protocol for a systematic review to evaluate the methods and validity of sham electroacupuncture used in RCTs.
Methods
To provide evidence for establishing an optimal control model for sham electroacupuncture, a systematic review will be conducted by searching major English language electronic databases (including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) for studies published up to May 2024. RCTs that utilized sham electroacupuncture as a control group will be included. Two independent reviewers will screen the studies and extract the data, and the quality of the selected studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2. Frequency analysis will be conducted, and to assess blinding in RCTs the Blinding Index will be reported. This systematic review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (no.: CRD42024542514).
Results
/Conclusion: This systematic review will provide a comprehensive analysis of the methods and reliability of sham electroacupuncture in RCTs and thus help identify current practices and gaps. The findings may contribute to the development of standardized sham electroacupuncture controls and improve the design RCT in the future which will facilitate treatment validation of electroacupuncture.

Letter

Appropriate Reporting of Acupuncture-Related Adverse Events Should be Promoted in Case Reports: Tae-Hun Kim, Jung Won Kang; Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(1):65-66. Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.02.009

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