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- A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of Quantitative Electroencephalogram Characteristics According to the Presence or Absence of Central Neuropathic Pain After Stroke: Study Protocol
- Youngjo So, Jiwoo Kim, Hyeon-Gyu Cho, Sangho Ji, Sunny Kang, Sangkwan Lee, Cheol-Hyun Kim
- Perspect Integr Med. 2026;5(2):152-160. Published online June 19, 2026
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2026.06.009
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Graphical Abstract
Abstract
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- Background
Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a representative central neuropathic pain syndrome caused by lesions of the thalamus or spinothalamic tract. Current diagnostic approaches rely on subjective symptom reporting. Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) has gained attention as a noninvasive neurophysiological biomarker with the potential to overcome these limitations.
Methods
A total of 50 stroke patients will be recruited at a single center and allocated into either a CPSP group (n = 25) or a control group without central neuropathic pain (n = 25). Using a 2-channel frontal EEG device (Fp1-Fp2), resting-state EEG will be recorded for 5 minutes under both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, followed by a 2-minute EEG acquisition during cold stimulation. After artifact removal, frontal asymmetry indices, the delta-to-alpha ratio, and the delta-theta to beta-alpha ratio will be computed. These qEEG parameters will be compared between groups alongside clinical variables including the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and relevant medical history.
Conclusion
This study seeks to identify distinctive qEEG features such as increased slow-wave activity and altered frontal asymmetry in patients with CPSP, thereby providing foundational evidence for establishing qEEG as an objective tool for early diagnosis and standardized assessment of CPSP. Although the single-center design and the limited spatial resolution of the 2-channel EEG system represent inherent constraints, this study protocol is expected to serve as an essential basis for future multi-channel qEEG investigations, machine learningbased analyses, and individualized intervention assessments in CPSP research.
Review Article
- Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence on Parenteral Administration of Schizonepeta Tenuifolia Sole Extract
- Chaeheon Lee, Jihwan Choi, Ji Eun Choo, Ga Ram Yang, Hyung-Cheal Mun, Won Gun An, Cheol-Hyun Kim, Jaehyo Kim, Sangkwan Lee, Hongmin Chu
- Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(2):76-86. Published online June 23, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.06.002
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- 46 Download
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Graphical Abstract
Abstract
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Supplementary Material 
- While steroids effectively control inflammation, their long-term use causes severe side effects, necessitating safer alternatives. Schizonepeta tenuifolia (S. tenuifolia) from the Lamiaceae family demonstrates potential as a natural therapeutic option through its anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. This systematic review analyzed in vivo and in vitro studies of S. tenuifolia extract, focusing on non-oral administration routes to evaluate its therapeutic potential (n = 13). The extract effectively inhibited nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, reduced inflammatory cytokine production, and showed antiviral effects. Additional benefits include wound healing and antiplatelet activity which enables targeted inflammation control without systemic immune suppression. The extract showed promise in conditions requiring targeted pathway modulation, such as inflammatory conditions needing selective cytokine inhibition, viral infections where interferon modulation is beneficial, and disorders with dysregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. These effects were achieved without the systemic immunosuppression typical of steroid treatments. While S. tenuifolia extract could serve as a safer alternative through non-oral administration routes, further research is needed to optimize extraction methods, identify key marker compounds, and determine optimal administration routes including topical administration and injectable formulations.
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