Perspectives on Integrative Medicine

Guidelines

Reporting Guidelines for Music-Based Interventions: An update and Validation Study: Sheri L. Robb, Stacey Springs, Emmeline Edwards, Tasha L. Golden, Julene K. Johnson, Debra S. Burns, Melita Belgrave, Joke Bradt, Christian Gold, Assal Habibi, John R. Iversen, Miriam Lense, Jessica A. MacLean, Susan M. Perkins; Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(3):205-212. Published online October 22, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.10.009

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
Detailed intervention reporting is essential to interpretation, replication, and translation of music-based interventions (MBIs). The 2011 Reporting Guidelines for Music-Based Interventions were developed to improve transparency and reporting quality of published research; however, problems with reporting quality persist.
Methods
The purpose of this study was to update and validate the 2011 reporting guidelines using rigorous Delphi approach that involved an interdisciplinary group of MBI researchers; and to develop an explanation and elaboration guidance statement to support dissemination and usage. We followed the methodological framework for developing reporting guidelines recommended by the EQUATOR Network and guidance recommendations for developing health research reporting guidelines. Our three-stage process included: (1) an initial field scan, (2) a consensus process using Delphi surveys (two rounds) and Expert Panel meetings, and (3) development and dissemination of an explanation and elaboration document.
Results
First-Round survey findings revealed that the original checklist items were capturing content that investigators deemed essential to MBI reporting; however, it also revealed problems with item wording and terminology. Subsequent Expert Panel meetings and the Second-Round survey centered on reaching consensus for item language. The revised RG-MBI checklist has a total of 12-items that pertain to eight different components of MBI interventions including name, theory/scientific rationale, content, interventionist, individual/group, setting, delivery schedule, and treatment fidelity.
Conclusion
We recommend that authors, journal editors, and reviewers use the RG-MBI guidelines, in conjunction with methods-based guidelines (e.g., CONSORT) to accelerate and improve the scientific rigor of MBI research.

Reporting Guidelines for Music-Based Interventions Checklist: Explanation and Elaboration Guide: Sheri L. Robb, K. Maya Story, Elizabeth Harman, Debra S. Burns, Joke Bradt, Emmeline Edwards, Tasha L. Golden, Christian Gold, John R. Iversen, Assal Habibi, Julene K. Johnson, Miriam Lense, Susan M. Perkins, Stacey Springs; Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(3):190-204. Published online October 22, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.10.008

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
Detailed intervention reporting is essential to interpretation, replication, and eventual translation of music-based interventions (MBIs) into practice. Despite availability of Reporting Guidelines for Music-based Interventions (RG-MBI, published 2011), multiple reviews reveal sustained problems with reporting quality and consistency. To address this, we convened an interdisciplinary expert panel to update and improve the utility and validity of the existing guidelines using a rigorous Delphi approach. The resulting updated checklist includes 12-items across eight areas considered essential to ensure transparent reporting of MBIs.
Methods
The purpose of this explanation and elaboration document is to facilitate consistent understanding, use, and dissemination of the revised RG-MBI. Members of the interdisciplinary expert panel collaborated to create the resulting guidance statement.
Results
This guidance statement offers: (1) the scope and intended use of the RG-MBI, (2) an explanation for each checklist item, with examples from published studies, and (3) 2 published studies with annotations indicating where the authors reported each checklist item.
Conclusion
Broader uptake of the RG-MBIs by study authors, editors, and peer reviewers will lead to better reporting of MBI trials, and in turn facilitate greater replication of research, improve cross-study comparisons and meta-analyses, and increase implementation of findings.

Protocol

A Study Protocol for Developing a Consensus-Based Reporting Guideline for Case Reports on Acupuncture-Related Adverse Events: Tae-Hun Kim, Ye-Seul Lee, Jung-Won Kang, Myeong Soo Lee, Lin Ang, Jeremy Y. Ng, Stephen Birch, Terje Alræk, Lin Yu, Yuting Duan, Zhirui Xu; Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(2):117-120. Published online June 23, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.06.007

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Case reports play a crucial role in identifying safety concerns related to new or rare complications and adverse events (AEs) associated with therapeutic interventions. Although acupuncture is generally considered safe when performed by trained professionals, the increasing number of case reports reporting acupuncture-related AEs has raised public safety concerns. A recent systematic review of case reports from 2010 to 2023 determined that many reports lacked the essential details necessary for assessing AE causality, treatment appropriateness, and contributing risk factors. These omissions may result in misinformation, and exaggerate the potential harm of acupuncture. The CAse REport guidelines (13 items) provide general guidance to improve the clarity, completeness, and transparency of case report findings, but they do not address the unique clinical features and factors specific to acupuncture-related AEs such as defective needles, practitioner malpractice, or patient-related factors. These limitations may hinder the educational value of such reports in preventing acupuncture-related AEs. To address this gap, a consensus-based reporting guideline tailored to acupuncture-related AEs is necessary to enhance the quality, transparency, and reliability of case reports, which will ultimately contribute to improved patient care. This article outlines a protocol, and approaches, for developing a reporting guideline for acupuncture-related AEs in case reports.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

REporting Guidelines for aCupuncture‐Related AdverSe Event Case Reports (RECASE): Elaboration and Explanation
Ye‐Seul Lee, Tae‐Hun Kim, Jung‐Won Kang, Lin Ang, Jeremy Y. Ng, Stephen Birch, Terje Alræk, Lin Yu, Yuting Duan, Zhirui Xu, Myeong Soo Lee
Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Guideline

ACURATE: A Guide for Reporting Sham Controls in Trials Using Acupuncture: Ye-Seul Lee, Song-Yi Kim, Hyangsook Lee, Younbyoung Chae, Myeong Soo Lee; Perspect Integr Med. 2023;2(2):100-106. Published online June 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2023.06.004

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Abstract PDF

This paper presents the Acupuncture Controls gUideline for Reporting humAn Trials and Experiments (ACURATE) checklist, an extension of The Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials (CONSORT) and to be used along with STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) when both real and sham acupuncture needles are used in the study. This checklist focuses on a clear depiction of sham needling procedures to enhance replicability and enable a precise appraisal. We encourage researchers to use ACURATE in trials and reviews involving sham acupuncture to assist reporting of sham acupuncture procedures and the related components.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Acupuncture for Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Andrew Jang, Maren Wenninger, Hyangsook Lee, Shuai Zheng
Journal of Clinical Psychology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Robust Evidence in Integrative Medicine: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions
Ye-Seul Lee, Myeong Soo Lee, David Moher, In-Hyuk Ha, Jian-Ping Liu, Terje Alræk, Stephen Birch, Tae-Hun Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, Juan V.A. Franco, Jeremy Y. Ng, Holger Cramer
Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2024; 3(3): 162. CrossRef

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