Visual abstract

Introduction

The shift from traditional biomedicine to the biopsychosocial model has prioritized psychosomatic medicine, with Mongolian Mind-Body Interaction Therapy (MMBIT) emerging as a transformative approach. Rooted in the philosophy of harmony between nature and humanity, MMBIT integrates Mongolian medical wisdom (emphasizing nature-human harmony) with modern psychology as a transformative approach to mind-body disorders [1]. MMBIT proposes a Material-Energy-Information Triadic Interaction Model, viewing the body as an organic system where imbalance causes disease. Material regulation provides the physiological foundation; energy regulation optimizes metabolism and transmission; and information regulation modulates cognition and emotion. This dynamic system aligns with Eastern holistic philosophy where health is viewed as the integrated harmony of body, mind, and spirit-entities. The system exhibits intrinsic interconnectedness and continuous exchange with society, nature, and the macrocosm to necessitate therapeutic approaches that concurrently address all 3 dimensions while leveraging innate self-regulatory capacity.

Core intervention techniques of MMBIT include Mongolian music therapy, breathing and movement exercises, group narrative therapy, hypnosis, meditation, and health education seminars. Three decades of practice demonstrates MMBIT’s success: information exchange fosters trust and emotional resonance, energy mobilization ignites patient resilience, and material support ensures protocol fidelity [2,3]. Together, they create a self-reinforcing healing ecosystem, reflecting the philosophy’s emphasis on interconnectedness. By harmonizing traditional and modern systems, MMBIT advances psychosomatic care, bridging cultural heritage with evidence-based innovation. Its scalability and adaptability position it as a paradigm for integrative medicine.

1. Theoretical integration of systems theory and MMBIT

MMBIT applies Systems Theory, viewing the human body as a complex system of interconnected physiological, psychological, social, and environmental subsystems. Central to this approach is the Material-Energy-Information Triadic Interaction Model, where energy is governed by 3 primary Mongolian elements: Heyi (vital energy/Air), Xila (blood/Fire), and Badagan (phlegmatic humor/water-earth). These elements constitute the fundamental basis of physiology, sustained by diet, lifestyle, and seasonal rhythms to maintain equilibrium.

In health, Heyi serves as the motive force for life activities whereby it governs blood circulation, respiration, digestion, metabolism, physical strength, motor/sensory functions, and reproduction. It balances Xila and Badagan, and guides overall health/longevity. Its properties are light, rough, cool, subtle, firm, and mobile. Xila provides the body's thermal energy, it regulates heat production, temperature, digestion, nutrient absorption, and metabolic maturation. It depends on Badagan for equilibrium. Its properties are hot, sharp, light, pungent, fluid, moist, and oily. Badagan governs structural stability, tissue nourishment, cognitive clarity, joint integrity, and longevity. It relies on Xila for balance. Its properties are heavy, cold, oily, dull, soft, stable, and viscous.

Disruption of their harmony transforms them into instability (Heyi disorder), inflammatory excess (Xila disorder), or congestive stagnation (Badagan disorder) [4]. Thus, this triad represents both the foundation of physiological coherence and the primary endogenous disease mechanism in traditional Mongolian medicine. MMBIT aims to restore homeostasis by regulating these energy subsystems [2].

MMBIT is the synthesis of theories and methodologies from the modern medicine, traditional Mongolian medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, psychology, and philosophy. This interdisciplinary integration offers a panoramic perspective for treating psychosomatic disorders, embodying the principles of holism and openness of Systems Theory. Building on this framework, MMBIT employs psychological interventions to modulate physiological states to heal diseases. For instance, for hypertension patients, alongside pharmacological treatment, MMBIT helps alleviate stress and modify detrimental lifestyle habits and cognitive patterns, thereby synergistically reducing blood pressure a testament to psychology’s positive influence on physiology.

2. Teletherapy technologies and their integration with Systems Theory

Teletherapy, which refers to providing mental health services via electronic communication technologies, has been widely adopted in MMBIT. This approach not only overcomes geographical constraint, to enable individuals to conveniently access professional mental health support, but also embodies the core principles of "holism" and "relevance" in Systems Theory [5]. Systems Theory emphasizes the complex interactions between components within a system, as well as between the system and its external environment. Teletherapy of MMBIT effectively integrates patients, therapists, and the therapeutic setting into a dynamic, interconnected system through technological means, facilitating the seamless flow across time and space of information, energy, and resources.

3. Evidence-based protocols

MMBIT incorporates health education seminars and group narrative therapy to promote both physical and mental rehabilitation. It is a comprehensive model which focuses on "mind-body co-treatment," "multi-disease co-treatment," and "multi-patient co-treatment." Clinical trials demonstrate MMBIT’s efficacy across diverse conditions such as insomnia, esophageal cancer, psoriasis, and hypertension [6–9]. Table 1 [6–7] summarizes all clinical studies with detailed methodology, sample sizes, and statistical outcomes.

Recently, the results of a survey launched in 2022, through the AZITAI the mobile application and WeChat platform, showed that 1,590 cancer patients reported improvement physical and psychological health after the MMBIT. In brief the results from this study illustrate the percentage point changes in self-evaluation ratings among participants before and after undergoing MMBIT across 4 domains: physical condition, psychological condition, quality of life, and therapeutic effectiveness (Figure 1). Notable improvements were observed in the proportion of participants rating their condition as "Very good" or "Good," particularly in their psychological condition (+35.38% and +10.9%), physical condition (+29.15% and +15.3%), and quality of life (+27.6% and 7.5%). Correspondingly, there were substantial reductions in lower ratings such as "Fair," "Poor," and "Very Poor" across all domains. For example, the percentage of participants reporting "Fair" quality of life declined by 27.9%, and "Poor" physical condition decreased by 15.15%. These shifts suggest that MMBIT may be associated with substantial perceived improvements in physical health, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life.

Conclusion

MMBIT faces global implementation challenges: standardization gaps due to regional protocol variability, cultural adaptation hurdles for non-Mongolian populations, and ethical complexities in integrating digital health tools. Future research must prioritize interdisciplinary solutions enhancing telemedicine frameworks for cross-cultural scalability, expanding multicenter trials to evaluate efficacy, and creating global training programs blending technical and cultural competence. By harmonizing traditional Mongolian medicine’s harmony-between-nature-and-humanity philosophy with modern Systems Theory, MMBIT offers a scalable, cost-effective model for integrative care [10]. Its tripartite synergy (information, energy, and material interactions) aligns with patient-centered trends, demonstrating how holistic paradigms can address psychosomatic challenges while respecting cultural roots.

Article information

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: ND, CH, XB, and N. Methodology: WC and HW. Formal investigation: JF and WB. Data analysis: BD, NT, BC, LY, YG, and SW. Writing original draft: WC and YD. Writing - review and editing: ND, CH, XB, HW, NT, VM, QH, and YD.

Conflicts of Interest

There is no conflict of interest to declare.

Author Use of AI Tools Statement

During the preparation of this work the authors used generative AI tools to improve language and readability. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

Funding

This study was supported by the Inner Mongolia Medical Research Foundation (grant no.: IMRF-2023-09).

Ethical Statement

This article did not include any personal information. General research ethics guidelines were followed.

Data Availability

Figure 1

Cancer patients reported improvement after MMBIT therapy (N = 1,590).

The bar chart illustrates the percentage point changes in self-evaluation ratings among participants before and after undergoing MMBIT across 4 domains: physical condition, psychological condition, quality of life, and therapeutic effectiveness.

References

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References

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